34,510 matches
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security: classic security (military, political), economic security, social and environmental security, scientific-technological security 10. - Combining this concept with the thesis of the Chinese officials (Hu Jintao), according to which "the first 20 years of the 21st century shall be a strategic window of opportunity" (from which the theory of opportunity also stems, theory according to which Chină must envisage stabilizing the regions on its borders, through the good neighbour policy, and, simultaneously continuing its expansion beyond Asia11 - its notoriety aș a
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a global power, which is contradiction with another part of the geopolitical doctrine, which essentially sees Chină aș an Asian power, without the capacity to develop globally, aș a global power centre, the same aș America)12. - NCS focus on strategic security values, such aș; mutual trust, common interests, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation, values that Chină intends to apply în its relations with other power centres, even with military alliances such aș NATO (from which we can conclude that Chină
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to the concept of "harmonious world"16 and to the development of certain strong connections to the internațional community (by using again the paradigm of interdependence)17. - Connecting NCS to the "shi" concept (no English equivalent), which means "arrangement, layout, strategic advantage and maximization of regular conditions, tradițional military tactics which, translated into politics, entail factors such aș the power of alliances, the power of a policy of a rival centre of power, political decision"18. În the context of analysing
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different visions 26. - The NCS concept envisages accommodation of interests among countries, not confrontation, being based on "equality, dialogue, trust and cooperation"27 (The Four NCS Pillars). - Connection between NCS, the concept of "tradițional comprehensive power" and the Chinese tradițional strategic thinking (Taoism and Confucianism): the concept of yin//yang, considered în Confucianism to be the root of all things, complementary forces, where Yin is the passive element, fertilizing, moist (the military and political strategic doctrine considers that it facilitates the
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comprehensive power" and the Chinese tradițional strategic thinking (Taoism and Confucianism): the concept of yin//yang, considered în Confucianism to be the root of all things, complementary forces, where Yin is the passive element, fertilizing, moist (the military and political strategic doctrine considers that it facilitates the NCS elements based on mutual respect and benefit). The Yang element (Masculine) is considered to be the active and creative one; connected to NCS, it is regarded aș supporting the cooperation among states, to
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wu (marțial nature, belligerent spirit), în which the doctrine notices a dominance of wen over wu (diplomacy over the military threat)30. The wu element is used only în case the wen element (diplomacy) fails; thus the outline of a strategic thinking pattern of great importance for NCS, used by Chină ("to excel through strength of spirit, rather than through the force of weapons")31. Chinese symbols for wen (first from the left), referring to the academic environment and civilian matters
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on ethics, on the group interest, on moderation or the middle path, on self-perfecting and on harmony 48). Especially the concept of "harmony" is one that hâș strong connotations, at the beginning of the 21st century, în shaping China's strategic vision of the internațional political environment. The vision of the multipolar world and of the "harmonious society (internațional, în this case)", together with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are merely rephrased versions of China's tradițional conception of a
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fundamentally opposes the idea of zero sum game, military hegemony and the concept of power policy; on the contrary, its intention is to create a harmonious internațional political environment 54, especially for the Eastern Asian area (regarding aș having a strategic importance for Chină). Launched for the first time în 2003, by Zheng Bitszyan, Provost of the PPC Central Party School, and introduced subsequently în several official speeches, scientific conference and doctrine papers regarding China's external policy 55, the concept
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considering that "China's benefit would entail loss for other large powers", seeing the economic and military rise of Chină aș "a direct danger to the stability of the internațional security environment". According to Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. 7 Strategic view, with deep philosophical roots în the Chinese culture (Confucianism); for example, we quote a fragment from XunZi, The Path to Ideal Governing, the chapter on Honour and Shame (Rongru): "... if we consider the Path of the Kings Aforetime, the
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White Paper, Ministry of Național Defence, The People's Republic of Chină, Beijing, 1998. 10 China's Position Paper on the New Security Concept, www.china-un.org/eng/xw/t27742.htm 11 Marc Lanteigne, Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2009, quoted by Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. Jiang Zemin spoke for the first time about the "strategic opportunity", în a speech addressing the Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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t27742.htm 11 Marc Lanteigne, Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2009, quoted by Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. Jiang Zemin spoke for the first time about the "strategic opportunity", în a speech addressing the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, în Geneva, 1999; afterwards the term was used în the 2002 Declaration of the PCC Congress. 12 Zbigniew Brzezinski, Triada geostrategică. Conviețuirea cu Chină, Europa, Rusia, translated by Sanda-Ileana Racoviceanu
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Foreign Affairs, în Geneva, 1999; afterwards the term was used în the 2002 Declaration of the PCC Congress. 12 Zbigniew Brzezinski, Triada geostrategică. Conviețuirea cu Chină, Europa, Rusia, translated by Sanda-Ileana Racoviceanu, Historia Publishing House, Bucharest, 2006, p. 19. 13 Strategic conception dating back to the beginning of the 21st century, for which we identify the Taoist philosophy aș a source: "The Tao of Heaven:Does not contend and yet excels în winning (...) The heavenly net is vast/Loose, and yet
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pdf 18 Pat Blannin, The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World, February 2011, ÎNTR 13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, pdf. 19 David Lai, Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi. Strategic Studies Institute, 2004, p. 6, www.stra tegicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf 20 NCS, regarded by the Chinese officials aș a universally valid concept, applicable progressively, the same aș The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It
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Blannin, The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World, February 2011, ÎNTR 13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, pdf. 19 David Lai, Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi. Strategic Studies Institute, 2004, p. 6, www.stra tegicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf 20 NCS, regarded by the Chinese officials aș a universally valid concept, applicable progressively, the same aș The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It is more than
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29 Idem. 30 R. Dellios, Mandalas of Security, Culture Mandala; The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies, vol.2, issue 1, article 1, pg. 18, 1996, http://epublica tions.bond.edu.au/cgi. R. Dellios, Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 1: The Heritage from the Past, Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April 1994, citat de Pat Blannin, quoted op., pdf. 31 R. Dellios, Mandalas of Security, Culture Mandala; The Bulletin of the
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op., pdf. 31 R. Dellios, Mandalas of Security, Culture Mandala; The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies, vol.2, issue 1, article 1, pg. 18, 1996, http://epublica tions.bond.edu.au/cgi. R. Dellios, Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 1: The Heritage from the Past, Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April 1994, quoted by Pat Blannin, quoted op., pdf. 32 The concept of "Peaceful Rise" was subsequently translated, depending on China
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htm Cohen, David (2014), "În a Fortnight. A Clash of Security Concepts: China's Effort to Redefine Security", The Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, vol. XIV, issue 11, June 4. Colás, Alejandro (2008), Empire. UȘA: Polity Press. Dellios, R. (1994), "Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 1: The Heritage from the Past".Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April, în Blannin, Pat (2011)"The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World", ÎNTR 13-303
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for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April, în Blannin, Pat (2011)"The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World", ÎNTR 13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, February, pdf. Dellios,R. (1994), "Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 2: Virtue and Power". Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.2/November, http://epublications. bond.edu.au/cgi Dellios, R. (1996), "Mandalas of Security, Culture Mandala". The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural
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An Analysis", IPCS Special Report, 125/May, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, www.ipcs.org Lai, David (2004), "Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi". Strategic Studies Institute, pg. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf Lampton, David (2008) Introduction, The Three Faces of Chinese Power. UȘ: University of California Press Lanteigne, Marc (2009), "Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and
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Special Report, 125/May, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, www.ipcs.org Lai, David (2004), "Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi". Strategic Studies Institute, pg. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf Lampton, David (2008) Introduction, The Three Faces of Chinese Power. UȘ: University of California Press Lanteigne, Marc (2009), "Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of
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China's Strategic Concept, Shi". Strategic Studies Institute, pg. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf Lampton, David (2008) Introduction, The Three Faces of Chinese Power. UȘ: University of California Press Lanteigne, Marc (2009), "Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction", în Blannin, Pat (2011) "The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World", ÎNTR 13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, pdf. Lao Zi (2009), Dao
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ca moarte psihologică, este unicul corectiv eficient al tiraniei, ambele originându-se în ateism că refuz al distincției fundamentale dintre aici și dincolo. Nicolae DRĂGUȘIN Note * Această lucrare a fost finanțată din contractul POSDRU/159 /1.5/S/1408 63, proiect strategic ID 140863 (2014), cofinanțat din Fondul Social European, prin Programul Operațional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007 - 2013. 1 Lev Troțki, Stalin. Biografia politică (trad. Ion Grigoriu), Editura Timpul, Iași, 1996, 144 p. Chiar la începutul prefeției, acesta declară: "După cum cititorul
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common development." White Paper, Ministry of Național Defence, The People's Republic of Chină, Beijing, 1998. 11China's Position Paper on the New Security Concept, www.china-un.org/eng/xw/t27742.htm 12Marc Lanteigne, Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2009, quoted by Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. Jiang Zemin spoke for the first time about the "strategic opportunity", în a speech addressing the Ministers of Foreign Affairs
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xw/t27742.htm 12Marc Lanteigne, Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2009, quoted by Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. Jiang Zemin spoke for the first time about the "strategic opportunity", în a speech addressing the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, în Geneva, 1999; afterwards the term was used în the 2002 Declaration of the PCC Congress. 13Zbigniew Brzezinski, Triada geostrategică. Conviețuirea cu Chină, Europa, Rusia, translated by Sanda-Ileana Racoviceanu, Historia
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2010/201004-article7.pdf 19Pat Blannin, The New Security Concept. China's 21st Century Security Strategy for a Multi-Polar World, February 2011, ÎNTR 13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, pdf. 20David Lai, Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi. Strategic Studies Institute, 2004, p. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf 21NCS, regarded by the Chinese officials aș a universally valid concept, applicable progressively, the same aș The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It is more
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