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of each living being, and the relation that it determines between its "receptor world" and its "effector world", encloses this being aș firmly aș the walls of a prison. Mân escapes from this prison not by tearing down its walls but rather by becoming conscious of them. Here the Hegelian statement holds good, that he who knows about a limit is already beyond it. This becoming conscious is the beginning and the end, the alpha and omega, of the freedom that
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1994). For instance, the way în which J. Deeley, a well-known specialist în semiotics, defines the concept of 'semiosis' (i.e. the actions of signs) allows for extension of the subject matter of semiotic inquiry, not only to the organic realm, but to the whole physical environment (see Deely 1990: 22-32). 3.3.3. Even if Ernst Cassirer makes no reference to Whitehead and to the way (doubtful, according to Collingwood, aș well) în which he saw the birth of mind and
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while, according to Hegel, mân is not an animal at all, since, în comparison with the latter, he is endowed with two fundamental dimensions: work and language (see Coșeriu 2004a: 54-56). Unmistakably, animals do communicate în a way or another, but în their case (for instance, în the case of bees, whose communication was studied for many decades by Karl von Frisch; cf. Benveniste 1966: 56-62), there is no authentic dialogue, but only certain reactions to certain stimuli în concrete situations
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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Unmistakably, animals do communicate în a way or another, but în their case (for instance, în the case of bees, whose communication was studied for many decades by Karl von Frisch; cf. Benveniste 1966: 56-62), there is no authentic dialogue, but only certain reactions to certain stimuli în concrete situations. Human language aș Coseriu states "fully frees uș from the concrete, material context and from the contact with things. Our things are always universal în language, and these things can be
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F); b) mathematical or formal objects, which are pure forms (only F), not connected to substances (since mathematical objects do not exist beyond our consciousness); c) cultural objects, în whose existence it is the form that is the most important, but only în connection with substance, that means form chooses the most appropriate substance (F→S). În order to be more exact, we have to mention that the classification belongs to the Stagirite, but it is Coseriu that justified it în
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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the form that is the most important, but only în connection with substance, that means form chooses the most appropriate substance (F→S). În order to be more exact, we have to mention that the classification belongs to the Stagirite, but it is Coseriu that justified it în depth. He was mainly interested în the specific features of cultural objects, including language (see Coșeriu 1994b: 8, 23). 4.1. Cultural objects are, în fact, forms of consciousness which, în order to
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fact, forms of consciousness which, în order to be exteriorized, to be made known to the others or be made intersubjective, one hâș to transpose them în a substance felt by senses. People are thus "closed consciousness" who can communicate but through substances 13 that are not irrelevant or hazardous. For instance, the ancient Greeks represented, în sculpture, the women by using the marble of Păros, since it allows light to penetrate up to 1 cm and thus it better corresponds
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of artistic literature (aș discourse) consists of, compared to other types of discourse (such aș the journalistic one, for example), Coseriu points ouț that discourses, aș voluntary human acts, cannot be defined by their structure (which is their material căușe), but only by their final căușe, decisive în human activities. Aș already seen, în culture, structure hâș to be always în accordance with its finality and not the other way round (see Coseriu 1990/2006: 91). 4.4. However, if everything
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these considerations, Mircea Flonta goes deeper into the subject, stating that there is no clear separation between humanities (cultural sciences) and natural sciences: "Aș a matter of fact, the explanations from the biology of evolution are not based on laws, but on concepts such aș: overpopulation, fight for survival, natural selection, adaptation, reproductive success, etc. [Ernst] Mayr mentioned that, due to the epistemic profile of its explanations, the biology of evolution is closer to social history than to theoretical physics. It
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sciences deal with have their own particular features: "The recognition of the concept of wholeness and of the concept of structure hâș by no means effaced or eliminated the difference between the sciences of nature and the sciences of culture. But it hâș eliminated a separating barrier that until now hâș stood between them. The science of culture can immerse itself în the study of its own forms, its own structures and formations [Gestalten] with greater freedom and ease than before
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see Coșeriu 1981/1994]), aș related to problems regarding phraseology and (socio)terminology, see Munteanu 2013: 110-112 & 116-118. 3 These terms according to Hașdeu seem to have been introduced by a certain Bernhardi, at the beginning of the 19th century, but the terms were used with a different meaning (a rather more rhetorical one). 4 Let uș remember that "language for its own sake" is a must în linguistics, aș Ferdinand de Saussure would later theorize it. 5 This tripartite distinction
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11, 1). Quintilian refers more explicitly, after some hundreds of pages, to the term în question, stating that: "There is also what our modern rhetoricians call the noemă, a term which may be taken to mean every kind of conception, but is employed în the special sense of things which they wish to be understood, though they are not actually said, aș în the declamation where the sister defends herself against the brother whom she hâd often bought ouț from the
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towards actuality. This conception of nisus aș a factor running through the entire natural world, with its teleological implications about ends towards which natural processes are directed, was at one time rejected by modern science aș a piece of anthropomorphism. But it is by no mean an anthropomorphic idea, unless we falsely identify nisus with conscious volition. No doubt it would be anthropomorphic în the worst sense to credit the seed with a knowledge of what it is trying to do
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unless we falsely identify nisus with conscious volition. No doubt it would be anthropomorphic în the worst sense to credit the seed with a knowledge of what it is trying to do, ăn imagination of itself aș a full-grown plant; but because the seed does not know that is trying to become a plant we are not entitled to say that it is not unconsciously trying to do șo." (Collingwood 1945/1960: 83; see also ibid.: 84-85). 7 John Dewey was
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never be done satisfactorily. În fact, when Coseriu was called at Grenoble or at other research institutes, he was asked for his opinion on these problems and he answered: "It is useless, we will get to translate more and more, but never a complete text, for no text contains all its contexts" (Coșeriu 2004b: 102-103; my translation). And, of course, the same thing could have been said about the famous Turing test. 12 În the original version: "[limbajul] ne eliberează cu
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o democrație interesată și lipsită de responsabilitate: bani de la buget, da, controlul ministerului, nu, introducând o formă arbitrară și nelegală de înțelegere a autonomiei universitare, ca drept al găștii de la conducere de a impune bunul plac în interiorul organizației. Și, last but not least, dreptul nesfârșit de a ține pe hârtie oricâte norme, la oricâte universitați, a dus la degenerarea calitații actului educativ. Băieți isteți, dar jalnic calificați, de regulă, puseseră laba pe viață pe câte o disciplină vitală, pe care o
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into consideration the degree of investigation of the current theme, we can start by estimating that at an internațional level, the Middle East conflict is a rather discussed and analyzed subject, the great number of conferences dealing with this idea (but also others relevant to the area) abundantly prove this. The interest for this region hâș been reflected by the multiple analysis perspectives of the conflicts specific to the area, which have been studied by numerous researchers. În order to show
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overall) this work appears aș a sum of information covering about both theoretical and practical issues concerning the European Union organizațional architecture, specific instruments and policies, particular elements of the Israeli-Palestinian crisis etc. We find all these to be essential, but for a better understanding of the reasons of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict we need: a careful and thorough analysis of the causes that have quarreled the two sides (but also neighbor states) în what is generically known aș the Middle East
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]
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of the Israeli-Palestinian crisis etc. We find all these to be essential, but for a better understanding of the reasons of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict we need: a careful and thorough analysis of the causes that have quarreled the two sides (but also neighbor states) în what is generically known aș the Middle East crisis and also an analysis of the evolution of the peace process during history. The theme of our work requires not only to observe the causes/factors that
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]
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the evolution of the relationships developed by European Union with Israel and the Palestinian Authority în the context of the crisis, for a fair and pragmatic report also for putting together realistic predictions/ scenarios; evaluation of proposed solutions over time, but also those of recent date, în order to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We believe that the main merit of our approach goes ouț to the research conducted among specialists on specific issues of the Middle East (Israeli- Palestinian crisis by
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întrebarea a doua dl. Ambasador a răspuns: "If I answer the questions aș an Ambassador of State of Palestine, I have to say two state solution is the solving the problem because it is an official view of Palestinian State. But if we want to have a solution lasting for ever and solving all the major issues I personally think the One Single Democratic Secular State is the real solution". 1035 Toate aceste comentarii au fost extrase din răspunsurile formulate de
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respondenți la întrebarea numărul 2. 1036 Acest procentaj reprezintă suma răspunsurilor pozitive și negative. 1037 Întrebarea a treia este o întrebare deschisă, iar variantele de raspuns au fost următoarele: da, nu, nici da/nici nu. 1038 "EU hâș the skills but not the clout". 1039 Dl. Banks consideră că: "Not on its own, but the EU should participate with the U.S. and other nations. The key players remain the Israelis and Palestinians, and without their leadership and political courage the agreements
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]
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negative. 1037 Întrebarea a treia este o întrebare deschisă, iar variantele de raspuns au fost următoarele: da, nu, nici da/nici nu. 1038 "EU hâș the skills but not the clout". 1039 Dl. Banks consideră că: "Not on its own, but the EU should participate with the U.S. and other nations. The key players remain the Israelis and Palestinians, and without their leadership and political courage the agreements will not be possible". 1040 "Absolutely not. Europeans think every conflict can be
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]
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players remain the Israelis and Palestinians, and without their leadership and political courage the agreements will not be possible". 1040 "Absolutely not. Europeans think every conflict can be solved aș the German problem was solved, through commerce and other bonds. But it took the defeat of Germany în 1945 to make that possible. Europeans tend to skip the necessary defeat before resolution can take place". 1041 Parteneriatul pentru Pace, organism coordonat de NATO. 1042 Este vorba despre Inițiativa Europeană pentru Democrație
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]
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organism coordonat de NATO. 1042 Este vorba despre Inițiativa Europeană pentru Democrație și Drepturile Omului, program al UE de susținere a drepturilor omului. 1043 Dl. Prof. Gerald M. Steinberg aprecia că: "Perhaps these skills are hidden and can be developed, but for the past decades, every European inițiative în this area hâș failed. The Barcelona process was a huge waste of money and did not contribute to stability în any way. În addition, large scale EU funding for radical NGOs under
Diplomația Uniunii Europene și criza din Orientul Mijlociu la începutul secolului al XXI-lea by Ana-Maria Bolborici () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84948_a_85733]