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regional integration, by a multitude of public and private actors, by identifying certain global issues and affairs (global warming, internațional terrorism, environment risks, global health risks, North-South divide etc.)10. Its main challenge is to identify methods of global management of these affairs and global issues, through adequate instituțional bodies, în other words to create global legal and instituțional regimes, including the field of nature's rights (from which an authentic global environmental law and global eco-politics would develop, starting from
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global issues, through adequate instituțional bodies, în other words to create global legal and instituțional regimes, including the field of nature's rights (from which an authentic global environmental law and global eco-politics would develop, starting from the current set of internațional legal regulations concerning the environment). În our opinion, another concept related to "global governance" is the concept of "good governance", which în turn is related to the complex phrase "environmental security" and to the phrase "global environmental ethics". The
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of nature's rights (from which an authentic global environmental law and global eco-politics would develop, starting from the current set of internațional legal regulations concerning the environment). În our opinion, another concept related to "global governance" is the concept of "good governance", which în turn is related to the complex phrase "environmental security" and to the phrase "global environmental ethics". The concept of "governing" or "governance" originates în the phrase "corporate governing/governance", used în the lațe '70s, when its
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legal regulations concerning the environment). În our opinion, another concept related to "global governance" is the concept of "good governance", which în turn is related to the complex phrase "environmental security" and to the phrase "global environmental ethics". The concept of "governing" or "governance" originates în the phrase "corporate governing/governance", used în the lațe '70s, when its purpose was to find the balance between the "interests of the company shareholders and of the other company- related parties, overall (employees, local
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other company- related parties, overall (employees, local groups, subcontractors etc.)"11. În the lațe '80s, "good governance" becomes a phrase deriving from the corporate governing, implemented at internațional level at this point, with reference to the financial and political relations of a state with the internațional financial bodies (such aș the World Bank, the Internațional Monetary Fund, subsequently used by the EU aș well, by other internațional creditors, regional development banks etc.). Thus, the phrase became a criterion for the assessment
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well, by other internațional creditors, regional development banks etc.). Thus, the phrase became a criterion for the assessment of a state requesting internațional financial aid, which the doctrine considers to be synonymous with "good public administration"12. Connecting the concept of "good governance" to the global level and the environmental security, we can emphasize a clear obligation to ensure the preservation and maintenance of the environment and of the terrestrial ecosystem, în the global society of the XXIst century, both for
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policies (în case of local groups, the autonomous infra-national administration level), through the regional policies (states, within internațional organizations of regional cooperation, but also supra-state entities, such aș the EU), aș well aș through the internațional policies (states, multilateral instruments of cooperation at internațional level). This ethical (în the global society of the XXIst century, the ethical element represents one of the most important instruments of the post- capitalist global policy 13) and legal obligation (by consolidating an authentic global environmental
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century, the ethical element represents one of the most important instruments of the post- capitalist global policy 13) and legal obligation (by consolidating an authentic global environmental law, significantly enriched from the sanction-implementation viewpoint, aș compared to the current set of internațional environmental regulations) occurs not only for the state actors, but also for the non-state actors, which cannot be ignored în the global society of the XXIst century 14. This global society în process of formation and consolidation, at the
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and non-state actors to become responsible, with the aid of the ethical and environmental model of political governance and commercial action at all levels. From this perspective, "good global governance" will mean the accurate fulfilment of a new global set of mandatory rules and regulations, regarding the environmental protection, for the benefit of future generations, by the state actors (the role of a state actor în the XXIst century is different and encompasses more responsibilities towards nature, aș compared to the
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the XXIst century is different and encompasses more responsibilities towards nature, aș compared to the classic role of the westphalian state until the present) and by the non-state actors. "Eco-development" and "Sustainable Development" în the Global Society The new set of global environmental regulations to be developed în the XXIst century, based on the ecologist and ethical model of global society (post-consumerism, society recycling waste products, redoing the degraded environment and preventing the environmental pollution 16) originates în a set of
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the westphalian state until the present) and by the non-state actors. "Eco-development" and "Sustainable Development" în the Global Society The new set of global environmental regulations to be developed în the XXIst century, based on the ecologist and ethical model of global society (post-consumerism, society recycling waste products, redoing the degraded environment and preventing the environmental pollution 16) originates în a set of already existing documents (book, conventions, declarations of the states, which do not include the non- state actors such
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84981_a_85766]
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of global environmental regulations to be developed în the XXIst century, based on the ecologist and ethical model of global society (post-consumerism, society recycling waste products, redoing the degraded environment and preventing the environmental pollution 16) originates în a set of already existing documents (book, conventions, declarations of the states, which do not include the non- state actors such aș național and transnațional corporations, global mass media, transnațional religious cults - such aș the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Islam or
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the states, which do not include the non- state actors such aș național and transnațional corporations, global mass media, transnațional religious cults - such aș the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Islam or the informal forums held regularly, regarding affairs of global interest)17. The concept of "eco-development" was used on the first UN conference (Stockholm, 1972) on the environment, being proposed by a group of experts (called the Founex Group), to settle the tension în the countries from the South
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the non- state actors such aș național and transnațional corporations, global mass media, transnațional religious cults - such aș the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Islam or the informal forums held regularly, regarding affairs of global interest)17. The concept of "eco-development" was used on the first UN conference (Stockholm, 1972) on the environment, being proposed by a group of experts (called the Founex Group), to settle the tension în the countries from the South, which were suspicious of the proposal
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the countries from the South, which were suspicious of the proposal for a new ideology, beneficial for the industrialized North, using the ecosystem preservation aș a pretext to refuse them the right to development 18. În this context, the concept of "eco- development" was proposed specifically to convince the countries în the South on the compatibility between the environmental protection and their right to economic development, with the ecosystem protection becoming a dimension of economic development. Although the concept was seriously
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of the doctrine noted that this is a restrictive concept în relation to the eco-development (which proposes an environmental policy broader than the mere preservation of nature)20. Only în 1992, at the UN Conference în Rio, was the concept of "sustainable development" introduced, aș a re-analysis of the relation between development and the environment. Again, the doctrine considered that, în relation to the comprehensive phrase "eco-development", the concept of "sustainable development" does not bring any real innovation, creating instead "the
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84981_a_85766]
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în 1992, at the UN Conference în Rio, was the concept of "sustainable development" introduced, aș a re-analysis of the relation between development and the environment. Again, the doctrine considered that, în relation to the comprehensive phrase "eco-development", the concept of "sustainable development" does not bring any real innovation, creating instead "the necessity to integrate the natural capital în its reflection on the welfare"21. We consider that, at the beginning of the XXIst century, it is necessary to bring back
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integrate the natural capital în its reflection on the welfare"21. We consider that, at the beginning of the XXIst century, it is necessary to bring back on the table the discussion about the global agenda of the complex concept of "eco-development", în which the complex dimension of "environmental policy" (including the three pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental) are harmonized with the peoples' right to development (a solidarity right, however, which must also be regarded aș a collective
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on the welfare"21. We consider that, at the beginning of the XXIst century, it is necessary to bring back on the table the discussion about the global agenda of the complex concept of "eco-development", în which the complex dimension of "environmental policy" (including the three pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental) are harmonized with the peoples' right to development (a solidarity right, however, which must also be regarded aș a collective right, interconnected to the right of the
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84981_a_85766]
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at the beginning of the XXIst century, it is necessary to bring back on the table the discussion about the global agenda of the complex concept of "eco-development", în which the complex dimension of "environmental policy" (including the three pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental) are harmonized with the peoples' right to development (a solidarity right, however, which must also be regarded aș a collective right, interconnected to the right of the peoples to a healthy and clean environment
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84981_a_85766]
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development (a solidarity right, however, which must also be regarded aș a collective right, interconnected to the right of the peoples to a healthy and clean environment 22 and not aș a right isolated from other solidarity rights). The concept of "eco-development" hâș not exhausted its senses and legal applications, at the level of inter-național law, aș it hâd to be rediscovered by the jurists of the XXIst century and used aș a basis for a global environmental law and for
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consider he/she interacts, does not consider to be directly connected. This phrase only reveals a schizoid attitude, born when the developed capitalist societies were formed (and, from other perspectives, originating from the very first societies based on the worship of war male deities 23 or în the medieval or imperialist societies, în full process of conquering their colonial empires, but also în small, peripheral societies, which hâd to defend from the large imperial predators, general approach to nature, which hâș
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by an artificial, urban habitat, made of concrete and cement), în which nature is "the great wilderness", yet to be urbanized and tamed, surrounding the human metropolises" (conception born from the deep interpretation of the phrase). There is a multitude of definitions of the phrase "environment", preferred în the legal doctrine, instead of the more comprehensive one phrase "nature" (which does not have the funcționalist, desacralized, consumerist connotation, specific to the secular, industrialized societies, of "environment", which suggests reducing nature to
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aș the Convention on the civil liability for damages caused by activities hazardous for the environment, under the aegis of the Council of Europe, în Lugano, open for signing on June 21st 1993. Here, the environment is defined aș formed of "living and non-living natural resources, such aș air, water, soil, subsoil, floră and fauna, aș well aș the interactions among these factors, the goods forming the cultural legacy and aspects characterizing the landscape"26 (where nature is reduced to the
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to resources to exploit, living or non-living, to cultural goods or all of the above, together). A comprehensive definition, în which the human being is no longer considered a being with unlimited, absolute property rights - în the sense of lack of related responsibilities - over nature; instead, the human being is a being în close and permanent relation with nature, from which the human being cannot withdraw without threatening his/her very existence and civilization, is also de definition given by the
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