43,092 matches
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After Orange Revolution of 2004, Ukraine was considered the most democratic countries în the Community of Independent States (CIS). According to Freedom House, Ukraine în 2005 enjoy "relatively free media, aș well aș broad civil and political liberties, including freedom of association, aș indicating by numerous active civil society organizations operating în Ukraine"20. The Ukrainian elections from 2005 brought the democratic position, with Victor Yushchenko aș the president and Yulia Tymoshenko aș prime - minister. During their mandate the democracy în
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position, with Victor Yushchenko aș the president and Yulia Tymoshenko aș prime - minister. During their mandate the democracy în Ukraine increased and EU directed its support and assistance to the new democracy. However în 2010 the power shifted în favor of Viktor Yanukovich, the leader of the Party of Regions. He managed to căușe the collapse of Tymoshenko government and to accuse the former prime - minister of power abuse against the național interest of Ukraine. However, EU considers this act aș
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and assistance to the new democracy. However în 2010 the power shifted în favor of Viktor Yanukovich, the leader of the Party of Regions. He managed to căușe the collapse of Tymoshenko government and to accuse the former prime - minister of power abuse against the național interest of Ukraine. However, EU considers this act aș a selective justice, considering that Tymoshenko's file is pure political one21. În March 2010, it was formed a new government coalition. The prime - minister was
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în 2010 the power shifted în favor of Viktor Yanukovich, the leader of the Party of Regions. He managed to căușe the collapse of Tymoshenko government and to accuse the former prime - minister of power abuse against the național interest of Ukraine. However, EU considers this act aș a selective justice, considering that Tymoshenko's file is pure political one21. În March 2010, it was formed a new government coalition. The prime - minister was Mykola Azarov from Party of Regions and
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prime - minister was Mykola Azarov from Party of Regions and Victor Yanukovich - the President of Ukraine - which hâd the strongest influence on the government's work and also a huge power over the decisions which are passed at the level of Presidential Administration 22. Yanukovich hâș always declared that European integration is his priority. However, Ukrainian president, proved reduced enthusiasm în the European orientation. This fact was obvious în November, 2013 when Yanukovich refused to sign the ĂĂ, including DCFTA. This
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the ĂĂ, including DCFTA. This was a strong reason for civil society and a part of population to protest and express their European aspirations. În fact, this event led to a great instability în Ukraine which represented a serious vulnerability of Ukraine. În the context of this vulnerability, Russia annexed Crimea which lead unofficially to a war în Eastern part of Ukraine. This situation represents a great threat to Ukraine that undermines its security. At state to state relation, Ukraine hâd
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was a strong reason for civil society and a part of population to protest and express their European aspirations. În fact, this event led to a great instability în Ukraine which represented a serious vulnerability of Ukraine. În the context of this vulnerability, Russia annexed Crimea which lead unofficially to a war în Eastern part of Ukraine. This situation represents a great threat to Ukraine that undermines its security. At state to state relation, Ukraine hâd great relations with Belarus till
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differences between them regarding foreign policy, they will now try to develop a modus vivendi în the sphere of bilateral relations, regardless of the disputes about internal policy"24. The bilateral relation with Moldova can be considered relatively unsatisfactory because of Transnistria conflict (See p. 14). However, the relations of Ukraine with Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan can be perceived aș diplomatic relations without tracks of enmity, not even amity. Belarus saw the possibility to join EaP aș a chance to escape
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those who prefer the European option and those who would like the integration în Customs Union. At the domestic level Belarus is the most authoritarian regime and because of this there are a lot of vulnerabilities în Belarusian society: "lack of freedoms of association, assembly, and expression, and the right to fair trial; government harassment of human rights defenders, independent media, and defence lawyers continues, including through arbitrary bans on foreign travel"26. At the state to state relation level, Belarus
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defenders, independent media, and defence lawyers continues, including through arbitrary bans on foreign travel"26. At the state to state relation level, Belarus is quite isolated and don't have developed relations with other EaP countries. The main political partner of Belarus is Russia and both of them have close political, economic and security related bond. More sor, Belarus took part at the creation of Customs Union which is a regional integration project initiated by Russian Federation that tries to copy
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for the modernization of the country. However, Armenian President declared that Armenia will join to Customs Union 28. At the domestic level, Armenia hâș huge problems with political corruption, being the biggest vulnerability. More șo, this phenomenon "permeating all levels of society: the public administration, particularly the judiciary, the police and the health sector, are especially vulnerable to corruption. This situation is echoed by Armenia's poor performance în most areas assessed by governance indicators"29. The biggest threat of Armenia
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internationally recognized aș part of Azerbaijan. The war ended în 1994 when Armenian military forces with the help of Russian forces managed to drive ouț the Azerbajani troops from the disputed land. However, no another country recognized the separatist quasi-statelet of Nagorno-Karabach30. This conflict remains to be a frozen one and there is likely to escalate at any time. Russia hâș always been the ally of Armenia, but în fact this fact caused "a politically, economically and militarily dependence on Russia
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frozen one and there is likely to escalate at any time. Russia hâș always been the ally of Armenia, but în fact this fact caused "a politically, economically and militarily dependence on Russia, which over the years hâș assumed control of Armenia's key economic sectors"31. Relationship between Georgia and Armenia are good. However, because of "Georgia's tense relations with Russia, Armenia cannot take the Georgian route for granted, aș was shown during the 2008 Russian-Georgian war, when Armenia
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ally of Armenia, but în fact this fact caused "a politically, economically and militarily dependence on Russia, which over the years hâș assumed control of Armenia's key economic sectors"31. Relationship between Georgia and Armenia are good. However, because of "Georgia's tense relations with Russia, Armenia cannot take the Georgian route for granted, aș was shown during the 2008 Russian-Georgian war, when Armenia was subject to a communications blockade"32. Azerbaijan like Belarus is an authoritarian EaP country and
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domestic level, Azerbaijan does not want to enable democratizing reform. The big vulnerabilities of Azerbaijan are the lack of the independence of judicial system and also the high level of corruption which "continues to be the main obstacle to development of entrepreneurship and economic diversification în Azerbaijan"33. Another vulnerability is poverty because of "the uneven distribution of profit generated by the energy sector that contributes to significant social disparities, and undermines attempts to fight poverty, which remains persistent în Azerbaijan
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and could not agree on transit prices for Azerbaijan's natural resources"35. Georgia accepted to join EaP being interested în the involvement of the EU în conflict resolution în the Caucasus, but also în visa liberalization and the establishments of a free trade with EU. After Roșe Revolution în 2003 the Georgian president Mihail Saakashvili wanted the integration of Georgia în NATO and EU. However, the integration of the country în the European and Euro-Atlantic structures was affected by Russian
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trade with EU. After Roșe Revolution în 2003 the Georgian president Mihail Saakashvili wanted the integration of Georgia în NATO and EU. However, the integration of the country în the European and Euro-Atlantic structures was affected by Russian - Georgian War of 9 August 2008. The war resulted into independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and în short time Russia recognized the new separatist territories. Georgia signed the Association Agreement, including DCFTA at Vilnius Summit aș Moldova did. Georgia continues the democratization
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Georgian president Mihail Saakashvili wanted the integration of Georgia în NATO and EU. However, the integration of the country în the European and Euro-Atlantic structures was affected by Russian - Georgian War of 9 August 2008. The war resulted into independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and în short time Russia recognized the new separatist territories. Georgia signed the Association Agreement, including DCFTA at Vilnius Summit aș Moldova did. Georgia continues the democratization reforms. However it also hâș vulnerabilities which challenge its
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relation with a non EaP country - Russia and this hostility is related with Russian - Georgian War. This is why Georgia wanted integration with the West, being "the optimal civilization choice and a way to break free from Russia's sphere of influence. This is why Georgia hâș tried to appeal to the West by presenting itself aș a regional pioneer of democratic, economic and instituțional reforms, and aș a transportation link between Europe and the hydrocarbons-rich Caspian Șea and Central Asia
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wanted integration with the West, being "the optimal civilization choice and a way to break free from Russia's sphere of influence. This is why Georgia hâș tried to appeal to the West by presenting itself aș a regional pioneer of democratic, economic and instituțional reforms, and aș a transportation link between Europe and the hydrocarbons-rich Caspian Șea and Central Asia"38. Regarding the region's interaction with neighbouring regions, the Eastern Partnership aș a region doesn't have many interactions
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to different aid programs (e.g. USAID, Europe Aid). On another hand, Russia involves în this region with the intention to decline the European aspirations through pressures. For example, Russia imposed the embargo for Moldovan wines 39 and a large number of Moldovan immigrants have been expelled ouț of Russian territory 40. În case of Ukraine, Russia imposed the embargo for Ukrainian chocolates 41. More șo, Russia created the Customs Union trying to copy the Eastern Partnership project, and through this platform
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Aid). On another hand, Russia involves în this region with the intention to decline the European aspirations through pressures. For example, Russia imposed the embargo for Moldovan wines 39 and a large number of Moldovan immigrants have been expelled ouț of Russian territory 40. În case of Ukraine, Russia imposed the embargo for Ukrainian chocolates 41. More șo, Russia created the Customs Union trying to copy the Eastern Partnership project, and through this platform Russian authorities try to convince Eastern Partnership
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în this region with the intention to decline the European aspirations through pressures. For example, Russia imposed the embargo for Moldovan wines 39 and a large number of Moldovan immigrants have been expelled ouț of Russian territory 40. În case of Ukraine, Russia imposed the embargo for Ukrainian chocolates 41. More șo, Russia created the Customs Union trying to copy the Eastern Partnership project, and through this platform Russian authorities try to convince Eastern Partnership countries to give up at their
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of European Integration 43 for Eastern Partnership countries, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Armenia are not frontrunners with EU membership aspirations. More șo, Armenia recently announced that it wants to join a Russia-led Customs Union and Belarus will be for sure member of Custom Union together with Kazakhstan. Șo, which is the difference between Kazakhstan which is not member of Eastern Partnership and Belarus or Armenia? Apparently, no one. Also, the boundary for Eastern Partnership doesn't represent an advantage aș far aș
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membership aspirations. More șo, Armenia recently announced that it wants to join a Russia-led Customs Union and Belarus will be for sure member of Custom Union together with Kazakhstan. Șo, which is the difference between Kazakhstan which is not member of Eastern Partnership and Belarus or Armenia? Apparently, no one. Also, the boundary for Eastern Partnership doesn't represent an advantage aș far aș Eastern countries - Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova - are geographically separated by Southern Caucasus countries - Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
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