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have tried to give a concrete dimension to the participatory culture în România în recent years. The conclusions commented here are part of research conducted by CSCI, the analysis center of our Foundation, and can be publicly verified - including databases on our website, www.infopolitic.ro. The recommendations also come from a large collective experience of a team (the Multimedia Foundation) which hâș been active în the political and social analysis field during the past 20 years. Where did we start
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can identify the obsession with the media, a sometimes excessive concern about how journalists reflect their actions 3. Furthermore, the analysis of both the performance of the political actor and his opportunities ends up being, at one point, focused solely on media perception. Citizen participation în political life is often reduced only to the consumption of media, the crystallization of a point of view based on a received message and then converting it în an electoral option expressed at first în
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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of the political actor and his opportunities ends up being, at one point, focused solely on media perception. Citizen participation în political life is often reduced only to the consumption of media, the crystallization of a point of view based on a received message and then converting it în an electoral option expressed at first în the polls and then at the voting booth. But there are several ways to participate which must exist în order to support a genuine civic
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An important civic culture, aș assessed by classics authors , is defined aș an attribute of a community and implies a high level of citizen involvement în the life of the city. Such a civic culture implies several conditions: - a consensus on the legitimacy of political institutions; - high tolerance towards political pluralism and seeking peaceful resolutions of conflicts; - a high sense of political competence (knowledge of the mechanisms and actors involved în policy decisions); - and mutual trust between citizens and institutions and
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are necessary, în addition to the economic development of a community. A democratic system is supported not only by a strengthening economy, but above all by an increased civic participation. For România, the accession to European and Euro-Atlantic institutions based on democratic values is not a sufficient condition for strengthening its civic culture - it is a prerequisite, such aș another useful condition related to economic development. But for a naturalization of democratic values an increased civic participation is required. În sociological
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condition related to economic development. But for a naturalization of democratic values an increased civic participation is required. În sociological research coordinated by the Infopoliticteam (2011-2013), we defined four different types of participation în public life, according to two criteria - on the one hand, the distinction between political and non-political participation; on the other hand, we evaluated the intensity of participation. After applying these criteria, the result was 4 different types of participation: - Civic participation - formal or informal collaboration within communities
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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values an increased civic participation is required. În sociological research coordinated by the Infopoliticteam (2011-2013), we defined four different types of participation în public life, according to two criteria - on the one hand, the distinction between political and non-political participation; on the other hand, we evaluated the intensity of participation. After applying these criteria, the result was 4 different types of participation: - Civic participation - formal or informal collaboration within communities based on interests rather than territory (like civic, cultural, environmental, sporting
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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one hand, the distinction between political and non-political participation; on the other hand, we evaluated the intensity of participation. After applying these criteria, the result was 4 different types of participation: - Civic participation - formal or informal collaboration within communities based on interests rather than territory (like civic, cultural, environmental, sporting, professional associations etc.). A person with a high level of civic participation trusts other people, hâș secondary groups to call on în case of need (friends, colleagues), is tolerant of other
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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participation: - Civic participation - formal or informal collaboration within communities based on interests rather than territory (like civic, cultural, environmental, sporting, professional associations etc.). A person with a high level of civic participation trusts other people, hâș secondary groups to call on în case of need (friends, colleagues), is tolerant of other cultures, religions or ethnicities, appreciates NGOs and participates/ wants to participate în civic activities. - Community participation - formal or informal collaboration between members of rather closed local, religious or employment communities
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way, with low intensity, takes the form of supporting some candidates, political party affiliation or participation în political actions. A person with high degree of political participation hâș political knowledge, considers politics an important area, feels comfortable engaging în discussions on the subject or actions and thinks he can influence political decisions through his involvement. By simplifying our research results, which can be studied în more details (including access to databases of measurements taken and all research reports) at the http
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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be studied în more details (including access to databases of measurements taken and all research reports) at the http://www.infopolitic.ro site, we can observe the level of participatory culture în România, through aggregated scores of this culture (measured on a scale of 1-100, where 100 is a maximum / optimum participation). Thus, for each of the four types of participation, the scores are: - Community participation - național score of 35 / 100. More common în the în NE and NW regions of
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în terms of lack of trust în other people). From compatriots - known or not - to democratic institutions. Of course, there are institutions that people trust - like the Orthodox Church and the Romanian Army - but their place hâș come rather based on tradition and are not necessarily characterized aș democratic institutions. În the previous communist era, the individual took refuge în the family în order to withstand economically, especially from an alimentary point of view, and to be able to share information
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the surrounding reality with someone he trusted. În the past, we have presented specific figures showing that the family hâș always been a substitute for social insurance for Romanians, taking into account that the government allocated and spent very little on social policy, compared to other European countries (something that also applies to the communist period, despite rhetoric that tried to define this era aș one marked by social spending)4. From this point of view few things seem to have
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54% at the național level - the cornerstone is freedom of expression, while political pluralism is at 6%, the freedom to choose a representative and to be elected is at 15%, the right to criticize and protest at 9% and șo on. Why is the citizen more interested în voting than în capitalizing on the vote results? An explanation comes from the fact that 45% of the population thinks that the election results do not change anything, while 23% believe that elections
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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political pluralism is at 6%, the freedom to choose a representative and to be elected is at 15%, the right to criticize and protest at 9% and șo on. Why is the citizen more interested în voting than în capitalizing on the vote results? An explanation comes from the fact that 45% of the population thinks that the election results do not change anything, while 23% believe that elections are more or less rigged. Then why do they even vote? 66
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public discourse is better suited to a society where the only thing that works is electoral participation. Action should work în a society with functioning mechanisms that generate solutions and the consensus needed to implement these decisions. The public debate on almost any subject în România is biased and superficial; more șo, advocacy groups from classical media or the online environment amplify the aggressiveness of the camps, șo that the citizen spends every moment of his/her life în another chapter
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themes and the same stereotypes that plague communication. Therefore, every time there are election we see that the teams who govern are generally not assessed for what they have specifically done during their mandate - the evaluation and comparison is based on themes related to communication and media agenda, în a very limited extent correlated with the real agenda of the citizens. Another reason for having an important electoral participation, although there is clearly a sense of disappointment and disengagement from the
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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real agenda of the citizens. Another reason for having an important electoral participation, although there is clearly a sense of disappointment and disengagement from the political phenomenon and also from other participative phenomenon of a modern society, could be based on the intense communication that the Romanian society hâș developed în this direction during the last 23-25 years. There hâș not been even one electoral moment when one of the main themes of communication for all actors, directly or indirectly involved
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traits (Vote șo that Europe will see our numbers); - Restrictive traits (If you don't vote you should stop crying); - Insidious traits (If you do not vote it means that you enjoy how you live now)... The examples could go on. We should recall that prizes have been repeatedly awarded to those who have voted, by accepting people on the basis of their stamped voting bulletin at parties, concerts and raffles. Also, but this time outside the law, there have been
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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stop crying); - Insidious traits (If you do not vote it means that you enjoy how you live now)... The examples could go on. We should recall that prizes have been repeatedly awarded to those who have voted, by accepting people on the basis of their stamped voting bulletin at parties, concerts and raffles. Also, but this time outside the law, there have been different types of "prizes" awarded that have created certain electoral practices characterized by vote buying either with money
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or with certain types of products. În România there hâș been almost an obsession of convincing people who have never voted and generally stay away from the booths to take part în the process. Many electoral strategies have been based on percentages plucked from non-participants, aș a miraculous solution for overthrowing election predictions. Last but not least, the party propagandă hâș tried to downplay the importance of unfavorable polls, always referring the mass of citizens who did not express their choices
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express their choices and whom, if they were to vote, would alter the existing balance. However, this obsession to mobilize non-voters hâș never actually materialized. Turnout and the vote itself have been considered the centerpiece of the new democratic process on whose behalf Romanians died în 1989 - and also for the above mentioned freedom of expression. All components of the public space have sent messages about the importance of voting. But unfortunately for the current situation, they stopped there, în the
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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civil society . The assault of the anti-corruption battle în recent years, which also leads to a revolution of the mechanisms of electoral participation (limiting the mechanisms used în recent years), will not lead to a replacement of voter participation based on corruption or uncompetitive actions with a natural and dynamic civic participation (which hâd been blocked until now by the parties).However, it will most likely lead to a lower level of electoral participation, down at the real level of civic
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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a shell în which a skillful communicator is able to place anything: a call to battle, ăn apology, ăn explanation ... and eventually just a slogan. Each political party hâș used it, every presidential candidate, local councilor and mayor hâș acted on behalf of democracy and called on Romanians to vote for it. Simplifying communication is a logical step în election campaigns - it is în fact fundamental to their success. However, presenting reality în stereotypes and simplifications between campaigns generates a problem
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]
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communicator is able to place anything: a call to battle, ăn apology, ăn explanation ... and eventually just a slogan. Each political party hâș used it, every presidential candidate, local councilor and mayor hâș acted on behalf of democracy and called on Romanians to vote for it. Simplifying communication is a logical step în election campaigns - it is în fact fundamental to their success. However, presenting reality în stereotypes and simplifications between campaigns generates a problem - the Manichaean style of communication is
Polis () [Corola-journal/Science/84976_a_85761]