23,568 matches
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the spiritual values granted by Taoism and Confucianism is visible în the content of NSC (New Security Concept), which, according to certain authors, is based on a tridimensional approach to security (comprehensive security, cooperative security, common security), aș well aș on values such aș mutual respect, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation among people. This approach fundamentally opposes the idea of zero sum game, military hegemony and the concept of power policy; on the contrary, its intention is to create a harmonious
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comprehensive security, cooperative security, common security), aș well aș on values such aș mutual respect, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation among people. This approach fundamentally opposes the idea of zero sum game, military hegemony and the concept of power policy; on the contrary, its intention is to create a harmonious internațional political environment 54, especially for the Eastern Asian area (regarding aș having a strategic importance for Chină). Launched for the first time în 2003, by Zheng Bitszyan, Provost of the
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the idea of assertion through soft power (here, regarding China's economic assertion, aș an instrument of soft power). The aspect of "economic development" was accentuated în 2004 and connected to a political strategy following the tradițional Confucianism line, based on "harmony" (asserting the concept of "harmonious world", în September 2005, concept included în the official PCC doctrine and considered to be one of the characteristics of the Hu administration). "The Peaceful Rise of Chină" was also connected to the concept
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of Chină" was also connected to the concept of harmonious diplomacy (the objective is that China's external partners accept that this country accumulated its political and economic power, without any intention of military conflict or expansionism, a rise based on win-win cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based
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connected to the concept of harmonious diplomacy (the objective is that China's external partners accept that this country accumulated its political and economic power, without any intention of military conflict or expansionism, a rise based on win-win cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based not on the material
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is that China's external partners accept that this country accumulated its political and economic power, without any intention of military conflict or expansionism, a rise based on win-win cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based not on the material aspect, aș much aș on the spiritual aspect (the
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cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based not on the material aspect, aș much aș on the spiritual aspect (the idea of using resources of the intangible power, such aș culture or political values)56. Notes 1 The present article represents only the personal opinion of the author and
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benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based not on the material aspect, aș much aș on the spiritual aspect (the idea of using resources of the intangible power, such aș culture or political values)56. Notes 1 The present article represents only the personal opinion of the author and it does not involve în any form
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categorization is not entirely exact, aș Chină can also be considered a "great power", în other periods of its millenary history, not only at the beginning of the 21st century - aș stated by a part of the RI academic literature (on Chină aș a great power, aș an imperial entity, în various periods of its history) See Jean Sellier, Atlasul popoarelor din Asia Meridionala și Răsăriteana, translated by Irina de Hillerin and Magda Stan, Niculescu Publishing House, House, 2006, pp. 129-147
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threats, such aș pollution of environment, terrorism, migration, drug trafficking, pandemics, power security issues. See Anil Kumar, New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, IPCS Special Report, 125/May 2012, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, www.ipcs.org 6 Although another part of the doctrine ("the realists", such aș Kaplan) rejects this approach, considering that "China's benefit would entail loss for other large powers", seeing the economic and military
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stability of the internațional security environment". According to Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. 7 Strategic view, with deep philosophical roots în the Chinese culture (Confucianism); for example, we quote a fragment from XunZi, The Path to Ideal Governing, the chapter on Honour and Shame (Rongru): "... if we consider the Path of the Kings Aforetime, the guiding principles of humanity and justice, are they not the ones helping uș coexist, support each other and feed each other, correct and elevate each other
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cît., pdf. 9 În the White Paper of Defence/1998, Chinese strategists consider that, în the 21st century "security can no longer be guaranteed by a strengthening of the military capacities or by military alliances; instead, it should be based on mutual trust and common interests". Chină should "promote dialogue-based trust, seek cooperation-based security, respect for the sovereignty of the other, solving disputes through peaceful means and make efforts to achieve common development." White Paper, Ministry of Național Defence, The People
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cooperation-based security, respect for the sovereignty of the other, solving disputes through peaceful means and make efforts to achieve common development." White Paper, Ministry of Național Defence, The People's Republic of Chină, Beijing, 1998. 10 China's Position Paper on the New Security Concept, www.china-un.org/eng/xw/t27742.htm 11 Marc Lanteigne, Who Makes Chinese Foreign Policy? Strategic Thinking and the Role of the Military. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2009, quoted by Pat Blannin, op. cît
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will upon others". This also entails implementing the NCS în the region of South-East Asia. According to Cf. Carlyle A. Thayer, China's New Security Concept and Southeast Asia, press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/05/ch085.pdf, accessed on June 10th 2014. 16 The concept refers to countries în relations of mutual cooperation, în all the security fields, enabling the creation of "a harmonious environment, în which the countries respect each other, treat each other aș equals and are
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Anil Kumar, quoted op., www.ipcs.org. 22 Anil Kumar, op. cît., www.ipcs.org. Martin Griffiths, ed., quoted op., pp. 398-399, 579-580. 23 Anil Kumar, quoted op., www.ipcs.org 24 Ibidem. 25 Ibidem. 26 China's Position Paper on the New Security Concept, www.china-un.org/ eng/xw/t27742.htm 27 Wu Baiyi, The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution, Journal of Contemporary Chină, 2001, 10:2, p. 278. 28 Pat Blannin, The New Security Concept. China
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Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 1: The Heritage from the Past, Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April 1994, quoted by Pat Blannin, quoted op., pdf. 32 The concept of "Peaceful Rise" was subsequently translated, depending on China's level of "economic assertion", aș "Peaceful development" (aș a form of reassuring the internațional community and especially China's neighbours, regarding its peaceful intentions în the future). 33 Anna Eva Budura, Diplomația chineză. Chaogong, sistemul de relații ale
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UȘA, 2008, pp. 116-117. 38 Anna Eva Budura, op. cît., pp. 216- 217. 39 Idem, p. 216. 40 Ibidem, pp. 216-217. 41 See the definition of this system, în Imperial Chinese tributary system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial Chinese tributary system, accessed on July 20th 2014. 42 Anna Eva Budura, Diplomația chineză. Chaogong, sistemul de relații ale Chinei cu lumea din afara ei, pp. 216-218. 43 Idem, p. 218. 44 For example, the period of China's opening towards commerce with the Occident (1839-1901
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Diplomația chineză, quoted op., pp. 147-148. 47 Idem, p. 148-149. 48 Ibidem, p. 150. 49 Ibidem, pp. 153-154. 50 Teodor Frunzeti, Sebastian Oprescu, Lumea marilor puteri (2011-2013), col. Geopolitică, Top Form Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013, p. 172. 51 Values based on respect for the ancestors, respect for the scholars, cultivating reason and high virtues, cultivating systems organized on the basis of meritocracy, governing by the example of rulers' virtues, respecting the human being and his/her rights, peaceful and respectful contacts
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153-154. 50 Teodor Frunzeti, Sebastian Oprescu, Lumea marilor puteri (2011-2013), col. Geopolitică, Top Form Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013, p. 172. 51 Values based on respect for the ancestors, respect for the scholars, cultivating reason and high virtues, cultivating systems organized on the basis of meritocracy, governing by the example of rulers' virtues, respecting the human being and his/her rights, peaceful and respectful contacts with other cultures and civilizations, harmonious society, peaceful coexistence with other civilizations etc. According to Romulus Ioan
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chineză, premise istorice și spirituale, quoted op., p. 288. 53 Idem, p. 298. 54 Liu Zhenmin, The Evolving Security în Asia and the Role of Chină, CIIS, 13 January 2014, source: Chină Internațional Studies, November, December 2013, p. 5-12, based on the speech of Liu Zhenmin, vice foreign minister, at Luncheon of the 9th CSCAP Conference Beijing, December 3rd, 2013, www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-01/13/content 66066`9 2.htm, accessed on July 15th 2014 55 Tatyana Flegontova, Peaceful Rise of
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Chină Internațional Studies, November, December 2013, p. 5-12, based on the speech of Liu Zhenmin, vice foreign minister, at Luncheon of the 9th CSCAP Conference Beijing, December 3rd, 2013, www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-01/13/content 66066`9 2.htm, accessed on July 15th 2014 55 Tatyana Flegontova, Peaceful Rise of Chină: Greater Chină Strategy, Geopolitică, year X, no. 44-45 (1/2012), p. 215. 56 Idem, p. 216, quoting Joseph Hiring, în J.S. Nye, Soft Power: The Means to Success în World
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pg. 147-148. Budura, Romulus Ioan (2008), Afirmarea pașnică a Chinei că superputere mondială a sec. al XXI-lea, în Budura, Anna Eva (2008) Diplomația chineză, premise istorice și spiritual. Col. Geopolitică. Bucharest: Top Form Publishing House. China's Position Paper on the New Security Concept, www.china-un.org/ eng/xw/t27742.htm Cohen, David (2014), "În a Fortnight. A Clash of Security Concepts: China's Effort to Redefine Security", The Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, vol. XIV, issue 11, June 4
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în World Politics. Public Affairs: NY. Imperial Chinese tributary system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial Chinese tributary system, accesat la data de 20 iulie 2014 Kumar, Anil (2012), "New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis", IPCS Special Report, 125/May, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, www.ipcs.org Lai, David (2004), "Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi". Strategic Studies Institute, pg. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute
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China's Ancient Philosophy for New Internațional Order, http://capetown. china-consulate.org/eng/zt/nd2007/ t370299.html Thayer, Carlyle A. (2013), "China's New Security Concept and Southeast Asia", press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/05/ch085.pdf, accessed on June 10th 2014 Wu Baiyi (2001), "The Chinese Security Concept and its Historical Evolution", Journal of Contemporary Chină, 10:2, p. 278. Xun Zi (2004), Calea guvernării ideale. Translated by Luminița Bălan, Iași: Polirom Zhaoxing, I. (2005), Ministry of Foreign
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC, www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ wjb/zwjg/zwbd/t618520.htm Zhenmin, Liu (2014), "The Evolving Security în Asia and the Role of Chină", CIIS, 13 January: Chină Internațional Studies, November, December 2013, p. 5-12, based on the speech of Liu Zhenmin, vice foreign minister, at Luncheon of the 9th CSCAP Conference Beijing, December 3rd, 2013, www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-01/13/ content 66066`9 2.htm, accessed on July 15th 2014 După 25 de ani. Comunismul din
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