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of gender equality. If in interwar period the image of women it was associated with the features of "mother" and "wife", gradually began to make shape the other sides of femininity corresponding to the new headquarters of the communist regime as the "worker in production". The coming to power of Nicolae Ceausescu meant more pronounced emphasis on the promotion of women and giving them greater confidence in occupying leadership position. In the other hand, the promoting of women had to legitimated
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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power of Nicolae Ceausescu meant more pronounced emphasis on the promotion of women and giving them greater confidence in occupying leadership position. In the other hand, the promoting of women had to legitimated the rise to power of Elena Ceausescu. As in the Soviet Union, the emancipation of women was still a way to highlight gender inequalities. Pronatalist policy of the regime represented a national tragedy with maternal and infant mortality very high. Perhaps, it was only one of the facets
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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view on the woman's social role. However, at the collective unconscious level, she seems to have been likened to Ana Pauker, despite a different profile. Known for her communist convictions and an independent woman, Ana Pauker returned to Bucharest as the "man of Stalin", although her husband Marcel was executed in Moscow in 1938 by the Soviet dictator. Between 1947 and 1952, she served as foreign minister. Pauker substitution with Elena Ceaușescu ispossible through a combination of two psychic mechanisms
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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profile. Known for her communist convictions and an independent woman, Ana Pauker returned to Bucharest as the "man of Stalin", although her husband Marcel was executed in Moscow in 1938 by the Soviet dictator. Between 1947 and 1952, she served as foreign minister. Pauker substitution with Elena Ceaușescu ispossible through a combination of two psychic mechanisms, repression and splitting. It was necessary for protecting the original collective image of Nicolae Ceaușescu, as an independent leader from Moscow, defending national interests and
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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the Soviet dictator. Between 1947 and 1952, she served as foreign minister. Pauker substitution with Elena Ceaușescu ispossible through a combination of two psychic mechanisms, repression and splitting. It was necessary for protecting the original collective image of Nicolae Ceaușescu, as an independent leader from Moscow, defending national interests and praised in the West. Elena Ceaușescu became an incarnation of evil, as it had been Paukerin the beginning of the regime, confirming the traditional view about the women's role in
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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of two psychic mechanisms, repression and splitting. It was necessary for protecting the original collective image of Nicolae Ceaușescu, as an independent leader from Moscow, defending national interests and praised in the West. Elena Ceaușescu became an incarnation of evil, as it had been Paukerin the beginning of the regime, confirming the traditional view about the women's role in society. Keywords: women's social role; Bolshevik feminism, the woman's image; the collective unconscious mechanisms. Introducere Regimul comunist din România
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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The natalist behaviour of the population was handled in a forced and aggressive way in the direction of having more and more children, the strategy of bringing into force this desideratum acting including at the psychological level by decreeing reproduction as a patriotic responsibility, women being granted a noble mission from this point of view. Our article is intended to be an excursion on the pro-natalist policy performed by the communist regime (in its last years of existence) emphasizing, by means
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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in the local social, political and economic activity became the main element of their new identity. Consequently, my analysis is structured around several themes that became the landmarks of the identity construction prescribed for women by the communist propaganda, such as acquiring literacy and living a "cultured" existence, participation in the socialist transformation of agriculture, fighting against religious faith, social activism in the benefit of the local community, and involvement in the political life of the country (as electors, candidates or
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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communist propaganda, such as acquiring literacy and living a "cultured" existence, participation in the socialist transformation of agriculture, fighting against religious faith, social activism in the benefit of the local community, and involvement in the political life of the country (as electors, candidates or supporters of the regime's peace policy). The striking characteristic of the analyzed articles is their obvious educational purpose. By placing women to which the readers could easily identify in different but meaningful situations, these articles were
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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in different but meaningful situations, these articles were supposed to familiarize women with their new political role. Related to this, the educational content and purpose of the articles underline that at some level the communist regime considered its female population as needing guidance in order to fully comprehend political matters. Moreover, as my paper concludes, despite the Romanian state commitment to the full emancipation of women and eradicating gender differences, its discourse about women's role in the new socialist society
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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women with their new political role. Related to this, the educational content and purpose of the articles underline that at some level the communist regime considered its female population as needing guidance in order to fully comprehend political matters. Moreover, as my paper concludes, despite the Romanian state commitment to the full emancipation of women and eradicating gender differences, its discourse about women's role in the new socialist society reinforced the gendering perspective on the private and public realm. Also
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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de specialitate: Dawson, Richard E., Kenneth Prewitt, Political Socialization, Little Brown, New York, 1969. Jinga, Luciana-Mioara, Femeile în cadrul Partidului Comunist Român. 1944-1989, teză de doctorat, Universitatea "Al. I, Cuza", Iași, Université D'Angers, Franța, 2011. King, Robert, Minorities under Communism. Nationalities as a Source of Tension among Balkan Communist States, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1973. Lenoe, Matthew, Closer to the masses. Stalinist Culture, Social Revolution, and Soviet Newspapers, Harvard University Press, 2004. Longhurst, Brian, Greg Smith, Gaynor Bagnall, Garry Crawford, Miles
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin, Scott McCracken, Introducing Cultural Studies, ediția a II-a, Pearson Education, Harlow, 2008. Morar-Vulcu, Călin, Republica își făurește oamenii. Construcția identităților politice în discursul oficial în România, 1948- 1965, Editura EIKON, Cluj-Napoca, 2007. Ricoeur, Paul, Oneself as Another, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992. Taylor, Philip M., Munitions of the Mind. A History of Propaganda from the Ancient World to the Present Day, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2003. Winkler, Allan M., The Cold War. A History
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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the two interviewees, bringing out to light significant aspects of their professional training, of their family life, of their self-representations or values (dignity, professionalism, rigour, affectivity, etc.). The interviews revealed mechanisms of resistance to the period's restrictions or intrusions, as well as possibilities of promotion that people could resort to at that time. Both persons have a bachelor's degree in Humanities, but their respective origin environment, family and circles of friends differ sensibly, resulting in different patterns for each
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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interviewees, bringing out to light significant aspects of their professional training, of their family life, of their self-representations or values (dignity, professionalism, rigour, affectivity, etc.). The interviews revealed mechanisms of resistance to the period's restrictions or intrusions, as well as possibilities of promotion that people could resort to at that time. Both persons have a bachelor's degree in Humanities, but their respective origin environment, family and circles of friends differ sensibly, resulting in different patterns for each one's
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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Alain, Lumea femeilor, traducere de Magda Jeanrenaud, Grupul Editorial Art, București, 2007. Voinescu, Alice, Jurnal, vol. I-II, Editura Polirom, Iași, 2013. "Emanciparea prin muncă" și reconstrucția statutului femeii: o privire dinspre postcomunism Alina HURUBEAN Abstract: The domestic work, seen as a hypostasis of the labour of care performed within the family mainly by women, becomes a referential field of research with significant economic and political stakes, lying at the very core of today's debates around restructuring the social protection
Statutul femeii în România comunistă. Politici publice și viața privată () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84992_a_85777]
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1948-1965, Editura EIKON, Cluj-Napoca, 2007, p. 45. 7 Brian Longhurst, Greg Smith, Gaynor Bagnall, Garry Crawford, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin, Scott McCracken, Introducing Cultural Studies, ediția a II-a, Pearson Education, Harlow, 2008, pp. 133, 142. 8 Paul Ricoeur, Oneself as Another, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992, pp. 113-168. 9 Călin Morar-Vulcu, op. cit., p. 37. 10 Pentru o excelentă analiză în acest sens a se vedea, Luciana-Mioara Jinga, Femeile în cadrul Partidului Comunist Român. 1944-1989, teză de doctorat, Universitatea "Al.
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168-211. 11 Vezi Adriana Cupcea, Manuela Marin, "Migrația internă a comunităților turcă și tătară din Dobrogea în perioada regimului comunist. Considerații generale", în Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis, Series Historica, vol. X, 2013, pp. 169-180. 12 Robert King, Minorities under Communism. Nationalities as a Source of Tension among Balkan Communist States, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1973, pp. 146-157. 13 A se vedea Vadim Volkov, "The Concept of Kul'turnost", în Sheila Fitzpatrick, Stalinism. New Directions, Routledge, Londra, 1999, pp. 216-226. 14 N.
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Symbolic Logic, 12. Grabiner, Judith 1983 "Who gave you the epsilon? Cauchy and the origins of rigorous calculus", Amer. Math. Monthly 90 (1983), 185-194. Grosholz, E. 1990 "Problematic objects between mathematics and mechanics", PSA pp. 385-395. Goodman, N. 1990 "Mathematics as natural science", Journal of Symbolic Logic 55, 182-93. Gray, Jeremy 1998 Idei despre spatiu, Editura All (trad. Alexandra Petrea). Hale and Wright, C. 1992 "Nominalism and the contingency of abstract objects", Journal of Philosophy 89, pp. 111-135. Hale and Wright
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and the Theory of Indistinguishable Particles in Quantum Mechanics" Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 43. Resnik, M. 1974 "The Frege-Hilbert Controversy," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 34: 386-403. Resnik, M. 1990 "Between mathematics and physics" PSA pp. 369-378. Resnik, M 1981 "Mathematics as a science of patterns: ontology and reference" Noûs, Vol. 15, No. 4, Special Issue on Philosophy of Mathematics (Nov.), pp. 529-550. Resnik, M 1982 "Mathematics as a science of patterns: epistemology" Noûs, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1982 A. P. A. Western
Aplicabilitatea matematicii ca problemă filosofică by Gabriel Târziu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/888_a_2396]
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Resnik, M. 1990 "Between mathematics and physics" PSA pp. 369-378. Resnik, M 1981 "Mathematics as a science of patterns: ontology and reference" Noûs, Vol. 15, No. 4, Special Issue on Philosophy of Mathematics (Nov.), pp. 529-550. Resnik, M 1982 "Mathematics as a science of patterns: epistemology" Noûs, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1982 A. P. A. Western Division Meetings (Mar.,), pp. 95-105. Resnik, M. 1997 Mathematics as a science of Patterns, Oxford University Press. Resnik, M. and Kushner 1987 "Explanation, independence and realism
Aplicabilitatea matematicii ca problemă filosofică by Gabriel Târziu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/888_a_2396]
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15, No. 4, Special Issue on Philosophy of Mathematics (Nov.), pp. 529-550. Resnik, M 1982 "Mathematics as a science of patterns: epistemology" Noûs, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1982 A. P. A. Western Division Meetings (Mar.,), pp. 95-105. Resnik, M. 1997 Mathematics as a science of Patterns, Oxford University Press. Resnik, M. and Kushner 1987 "Explanation, independence and realism in mathematics", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 38(2):141-158. Schlick, Moritz 1966 "Positivism and Realism" in Ayer Logical Positivism, The
Aplicabilitatea matematicii ca problemă filosofică by Gabriel Târziu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/888_a_2396]
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Minnesota Press. Steiner, M. 1978 "Mathematics, explanation and scientific knowledge", Noûs, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Mar.), pp. 17-28. Steiner, M. 1989 "The applicability of mathematics to natural science", Journal of Philosophy 86, 449-480. Steiner, M. 1998 The applicability of mathematics as a philosophical problem, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA. Steiner, M. 2005 "Mathematics applicability and application" in The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics Shapiro, Stewart (Editor). K Stanford 2000 "An antirealist Explanation of the Success of Science", Philosophy of Science
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an argument for the idea that the only way to respond to this problem would be that of adopting an empiricist doctrine in the philosophy of mathematics. The book is structured in five chapters: the first three chapters are intended as a map of the way the problem of the applicability was seen over time, but, as this paper also regards the fallibility of mathematics, these chapters are also interesting because they offer a historical perspective on this problem (the fallibility
Aplicabilitatea matematicii ca problemă filosofică by Gabriel Târziu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/888_a_2396]
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that of adopting an empiricist doctrine in the philosophy of mathematics. The book is structured in five chapters: the first three chapters are intended as a map of the way the problem of the applicability was seen over time, but, as this paper also regards the fallibility of mathematics, these chapters are also interesting because they offer a historical perspective on this problem (the fallibility of mathematics will be understood as being in contrast with the special status of mathematics: if
Aplicabilitatea matematicii ca problemă filosofică by Gabriel Târziu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/888_a_2396]