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Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764

way, it is attributed to a difference of political content, where the second of the two terms refers directly to the theological-political function of the decision, aș it hâș been recently pointed out8. However, we must articulate this assimilation în some successive passage, and the first step consists în materialising that organicistic metaphor that we have previously seen growing. There is a double vector în the translation from spiritual organicism to secular organicism: the former is founded on the marriage metaphor

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
become a big political centre capable to manage this economic colossus it engendered. My research starts from the these issues which I addressed on a political point of view and is grounded on two fundamental parts 1. The analysis of some concepts such aș sovereignty, legitimacy, representativeness, democracy, governance 2. The comparison of these concepts în two different contexts: E.U., U.S.A. My study starts with the analysis of sovereignty because I think this is an essential part which holds

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics Cap. I, alin.4 din Declarația de la Berlin, http://www.eu2007.de/de/News/. Social relationships în an electronic environment. Cultural factors and variables Carmine CLEMENTE Abstract: Within certain cultural and social limits, some behaviours linked to the use of new technology, gaming, physical exercise or work are useful practices with a positive social value for both individuals and society. Aș these practices are commonly and socially accepted, the trend is to underestimate the

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
practices are commonly and socially accepted, the trend is to underestimate the risks and not to perceive them aș deviances even when they start to be compulsive. This paper focuses on the concept of new non-substance addictions and on how some social factors influence, on the one side, this new interaction between mân and technology and, on the other side, social relationships în the electronic environment. Keywords: behaviors, electronic environment, mân, non-substances addictions, technology. Introduction Within certain cultural and social limits

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
social factors influence, on the one side, this new interaction between mân and technology and, on the other side, social relationships în the electronic environment. Keywords: behaviors, electronic environment, mân, non-substances addictions, technology. Introduction Within certain cultural and social limits, some behaviours linked to the use of new technology, gaming, physical exercise or work are useful practices with a positive social value for both individuals and society. Aș these practices are commonly and socially accepted, the trend is to underestimate the

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
practices are commonly and socially accepted, the trend is to underestimate the risks and not to perceive them aș deviances even when they start to be compulsive. These can be defined aș behavioural addictions or non-substance addictions which derive from some behaviors or activities în daily life. The main feature of these addictions is the absence of toxic substances, but with the same effects of substance addictions, such aș the prioritization of the activity or behavior with a negative impact on

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
based upon appearance have hâd an impact on the rise of this kind of addiction. This addiction translates into an uncontrolled need to buy and an increasing tension alleviated only after purchasing something în order to get pleasure and gratification. Some of the side effects include higher stress levels, worse personal and social relationships, working life, married and family life, severe economic problems 10. 4. Work. Work addiction or workaholism is the obsessive or compulsive behaviour linked to self-imposed requests. This

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
computers hâd already been studied în the lațe 80s12 when the defending lawyers of two American hackers obtained a reduction în punishment by demonstrating that they were affected by this disorder. They compared the IAD to substance addictions by listing some shared elements. The attempt to crack a password seemed to generate a conditioning similar to the one engendered by chemical substances. Psychologists have labeled this phenomenon aș disorder, the term being used for the first time by Ivan Goldberg în

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
is a disorder în controlling impulses generated by a non-toxic substance with negative side effects în daily life. În 1998, the psychologist presents the first experimental dată on this addiction collected through an on-line questionnaire administered to the users of some websites and self-administered; questions have been drawn following the criteria established for the DSM-IV aș for substance dependence and pathological gaming. 80% of the 500 interviewed were found to be addicted. They showed the same level of tolerance and abstinence

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
would imply the three mechanisms of craving, tolerance and abstinence. According to them, it is not the web abstinence to urge a person to use the Internet, but the search for pleasure and gratification. Understandably, the definition is still blurred. Some academics puț it among the non-classified impulse control disorders whereas others prefer to describe it aș a new addiction given the presence of tolerance, abstinence, craving just like aș în the case of drugs, alcohol or pathological gaming. At the

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
more time on the web to the detriment of real life and daily activities such aș meeting people, going ouț or playing. Over a billion people across the world, mainly aged from 18 to 34 years, surf the Net. În some cases, they present mood alterations, higher tolerance and conflictual attitudes that are șo considerable that their life is severely affected 20, 21. The age threshold of new web users lowers to 11 years old22 and this exacerbates the question of

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
age threshold of new web users lowers to 11 years old22 and this exacerbates the question of protecting children who are the most vulnerable subjects în society. În Chină, the number of Internauts is the highest în the world with some 650 million users and 10% of under-18 is web-addicted23. Sometimes the addiction turns into tragedy. It is not the first time that the news announces that a teenager hâș died after spending days and days at the computer without eating

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
analysts have coined the new term of electronic heroin and many are suggesting treating these effects aș the Third Opium War. The Chinese psychiatrist Tao - who hâș opened a treatment center for Internet addiction - estimates that în Chină there are some 24 million people addicted to the Internet and that this particular kind of addiction damages severely the brain în a way similar to heroin. What is more, it can destroy social relationships at any level and deteriorates progressively the body

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
them show an alarming level of addiction. Other studies 26 on the relation between the use of social networking and academic performances show that students with high levels of addiction obtain worse results and lower participation în real social life27. Some figures on university students' levels of addiction to social networks: 0,8% în Italy; 2,8% în Iran; 5,6% în Chină; 9,8% în the United States; 15,1% în Taiwan; 16,2% în Poland; 3,2% în the

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
and related addictions are characterized by new features concerning the interaction between mân and technology. These features are considerable în a society where communication technology hâș cancelled the ideas of time and space and hâș changed relation models between individuals. Some studies have dealt with this phenomenon and showed a strong bond between social factors, cultural elements (gender) and web use. În the lațe 90s, some studies have produced interesting results showing that some social factors contribute to the Internet Addiction

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
hâș cancelled the ideas of time and space and hâș changed relation models between individuals. Some studies have dealt with this phenomenon and showed a strong bond between social factors, cultural elements (gender) and web use. În the lațe 90s, some studies have produced interesting results showing that some social factors contribute to the Internet Addiction Disorder 31, 32. For example, among these factors, it should be taken into account the individual's ability to take on different roles, the anonymous

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
and hâș changed relation models between individuals. Some studies have dealt with this phenomenon and showed a strong bond between social factors, cultural elements (gender) and web use. În the lațe 90s, some studies have produced interesting results showing that some social factors contribute to the Internet Addiction Disorder 31, 32. For example, among these factors, it should be taken into account the individual's ability to take on different roles, the anonymous nature of communication and the deșire to develop

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
alcohol and drugs. În other studies, researchers have tried to verify the following hypotheses: - whether and how the Internet Addiction Disorder is influenced by social interactions; - whether and how the Internet Addiction Disorder is related to social factors; For example, some authors maintain that în the before-Facebook era în the 90s, it is the social interaction organization itself în chat rooms 33 to lay the foundations for addictions. Bellamy and Hanewicz 34 underline how chat rooms have shifted social interaction to

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
communication. Electronic communication is characterized by the fact that relations can be altruist and friendly aș well, but there is a greater simplicity în managing the intensity of the relationship itself 35. În this view, communication on the Internet presents some interesting features: 1. Individuals have easy and flexible access to people all day round; 2. The Internet differentiates social networks, thus making them more captivating 36 and eliminates the restraints of space and time; 3. Individuals can better control their

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
have easy and flexible access to people all day round; 2. The Internet differentiates social networks, thus making them more captivating 36 and eliminates the restraints of space and time; 3. Individuals can better control their representation of self37 and some barriers such aș anonymity în gender and age - which are impossible în face-to-face communication because of physical presence and space-time simultaneity - can be used38. An interesting and original research hâș been conducted on significant correlations between Internet predisposition and some

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
some barriers such aș anonymity în gender and age - which are impossible în face-to-face communication because of physical presence and space-time simultaneity - can be used38. An interesting and original research hâș been conducted on significant correlations between Internet predisposition and some cultural and gender variables which influence the cultural definition that individuals give to the electronic environment with a consequent different interpretation of the Internet Addiction Disorder 39. The results show that, în comparison to face-to-face interactions, chatrooms allow individuals to

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
also cultural connections"1. The concept of health cannot be separated from the culture of reference, șo the definition may be susceptible to various formulations în time and space, but not to take that risk, the various internațional statements, set some key principles, from which it is not possible to separate yourself, going to the point where it is possible to make an ontology of the concept of health, that assumes a universal value. Other definitions of health have been added

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
this reason feels the weight on the diversity of its situation, which forces her to represent themselves with a new social role, the patient one. According to Talcott Parsons "the role of the patient is an institutionalized role that reveals some common features with the criminal one, but it also presents certain differences"28. The patient seen aș a deviant differs from the criminal if considering the relative illegality that forms the latter, meaning that the patient recognizes his momentary psycho-physical

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
argues, "Were aggregated to the category of disease states such aș hysteria, hypochondria, obsessive compulsive neurosis and depression. Then with increasing zeal, doctors, and especially psychiatrists, they began to call any disease condition în which they were able to find some sign of dysfunction, no matter what their nature was. Starting from here, agoraphobia is considered aș a disease, because you should not be afraid of open spaces, it is homosexuality aș well because the social norm is heterosexuality and disease

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]
tends to adopt strategies linked to that effect. [...] Once labels such aș crime and sin are removed, what is done to the deviant is for his own good, to help rather than punish him, even if the treatment can, în some circumstances, constitute a restrictive practice"32. The origins of this reinterpretation that sees deviance aș a disease can be found în the opinion of Wootton, în the form of humanitarianism that, together with psychiatry cloaked by the veil of scientific

[Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84979_a_85764]