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characteristics of the Hu administration). "The Peaceful Rise of Chină" was also connected to the concept of harmonious diplomacy (the objective is that China's external partners accept that this country accumulated its political and economic power, without any intention of military conflict or expansionism, a rise based on win-win cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a
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that this country accumulated its political and economic power, without any intention of military conflict or expansionism, a rise based on win-win cooperation and on the idea of mutual benefit). The emphasis placed on the soft aspect of the concept of "Peaceful Rise" was shown în the RI Chinese doctrine aș entailing a type of soft personality for Chină, one based not on the material aspect, aș much aș on the spiritual aspect (the idea of using resources of the intangible
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present text are reserved. The quotations from the present text are made by mentioning the author and the complete source. 2 Although the categorization is not entirely exact, aș Chină can also be considered a "great power", în other periods of its millenary history, not only at the beginning of the 21st century - aș stated by a part of the RI academic literature (on Chină aș a great power, aș an imperial entity, în various periods of its history) See Jean
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power", în other periods of its millenary history, not only at the beginning of the 21st century - aș stated by a part of the RI academic literature (on Chină aș a great power, aș an imperial entity, în various periods of its history) See Jean Sellier, Atlasul popoarelor din Asia Meridionala și Răsăriteana, translated by Irina de Hillerin and Magda Stan, Niculescu Publishing House, House, 2006, pp. 129-147. 3 First introduced în 1996, at the Național PCC Congress, then officially presented
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13-303 Chinese Defence Policy, pdf. 4 Idem. 5 În the view of the Chinese officials, NCS must be harmonized with a security environment different from the bipolar period, characterize by peace and development, marked by non-conventional threats, such aș pollution of environment, terrorism, migration, drug trafficking, pandemics, power security issues. See Anil Kumar, New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, IPCS Special Report, 125/May 2012, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research
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must be harmonized with a security environment different from the bipolar period, characterize by peace and development, marked by non-conventional threats, such aș pollution of environment, terrorism, migration, drug trafficking, pandemics, power security issues. See Anil Kumar, New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, IPCS Special Report, 125/May 2012, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, www.ipcs.org 6 Although another part of the doctrine ("the realists", such aș Kaplan
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security environment different from the bipolar period, characterize by peace and development, marked by non-conventional threats, such aș pollution of environment, terrorism, migration, drug trafficking, pandemics, power security issues. See Anil Kumar, New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, IPCS Special Report, 125/May 2012, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, www.ipcs.org 6 Although another part of the doctrine ("the realists", such aș Kaplan) rejects this approach, considering that
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each other and feed each other, correct and elevate each other, ensure peace and security?"(Xun Zi, Calea guvernării ideale, translated by Luminița Bălan, Polirom, Iași, 2004, pp. 94-95). 8 Pat Blannin, op. cît., pdf. 9 În the White Paper of Defence/1998, Chinese strategists consider that, în the 21st century "security can no longer be guaranteed by a strengthening of the military capacities or by military alliances; instead, it should be based on mutual trust and common interests". Chină should
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source: "The Tao of Heaven:Does not contend and yet excels în winning (...) The heavenly net is vast/Loose, and yet does not let anything slip through (chapter 73); The Tao of heaven/ Benefits and does not harm/The Tao of sages/Assists and does not contend" (chapter 81) Lao Zi, Dao De Jing (Cartea despre Dao și virtute), translated by Șu Yan, Herald Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009, p. 138. 14 L. Zhenmin (2009), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC, www.fm
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of South-East Asia. According to Cf. Carlyle A. Thayer, China's New Security Concept and Southeast Asia, press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/05/ch085.pdf, accessed on June 10th 2014. 16 The concept refers to countries în relations of mutual cooperation, în all the security fields, enabling the creation of "a harmonious environment, în which the countries respect each other, treat each other aș equals and are în pursuit of mutually advantageous results, sharing benefits and common prosperity". According
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New Security Concept and Southeast Asia, press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/ 2013/05/ch085.pdf, accessed on June 10th 2014. 16 The concept refers to countries în relations of mutual cooperation, în all the security fields, enabling the creation of "a harmonious environment, în which the countries respect each other, treat each other aș equals and are în pursuit of mutually advantageous results, sharing benefits and common prosperity". According to I.Zhaoxing (2005), Ministry of Foreign Affaris, PRC, www.fmprc
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2014. 16 The concept refers to countries în relations of mutual cooperation, în all the security fields, enabling the creation of "a harmonious environment, în which the countries respect each other, treat each other aș equals and are în pursuit of mutually advantageous results, sharing benefits and common prosperity". According to I.Zhaoxing (2005), Ministry of Foreign Affaris, PRC, www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/ wshd/t214571.htm 17 Qianqian Liu, China's Rise and Regional Strategy: Power, Interdependence and Identity
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Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi. Strategic Studies Institute, 2004, p. 6, www.stra tegicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf 20 NCS, regarded by the Chinese officials aș a universally valid concept, applicable progressively, the same aș The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It is more than a simple use of word, it is the reimplementation of the conception according to which "the purpose of the security policy should be that of maintaining an extremely peaceful internațional environment, în view of
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concept, applicable progressively, the same aș The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It is more than a simple use of word, it is the reimplementation of the conception according to which "the purpose of the security policy should be that of maintaining an extremely peaceful internațional environment, în view of development". NCS connects to the concept launched under the Xi administration, that of overall național security. See David Cohen, În a Fortnight. A Clash of Security Concepts: China's Effort to
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is the reimplementation of the conception according to which "the purpose of the security policy should be that of maintaining an extremely peaceful internațional environment, în view of development". NCS connects to the concept launched under the Xi administration, that of overall național security. See David Cohen, În a Fortnight. A Clash of Security Concepts: China's Effort to Redefine Security, The Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, vol. XIV, issue 11, June 4, 2014. 21 Another common declaration (at the meeting between
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Foundation, China Brief, vol. XIV, issue 11, June 4, 2014. 21 Another common declaration (at the meeting between Chină and Russia, în April 1997) can be mentioned, i.e. the moment when presidents Jiang Zemin and Boris Yeltsin specified the necessity "of a new and applicable concept of security", which, according to a part of the RI doctrine, reveals China's intention to maintain itself aș a key-actor of the internațional scene, aș "a responsible global power, ready to play a leadership
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11, June 4, 2014. 21 Another common declaration (at the meeting between Chină and Russia, în April 1997) can be mentioned, i.e. the moment when presidents Jiang Zemin and Boris Yeltsin specified the necessity "of a new and applicable concept of security", which, according to a part of the RI doctrine, reveals China's intention to maintain itself aș a key-actor of the internațional scene, aș "a responsible global power, ready to play a leadership role". According to David Lampton (Introduction
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to a part of the RI doctrine, reveals China's intention to maintain itself aș a key-actor of the internațional scene, aș "a responsible global power, ready to play a leadership role". According to David Lampton (Introduction, The Three Faces of Chinese Power, University of California Press, UȘ, 2008). Also see Anil Kumar, quoted op., www.ipcs.org. 22 Anil Kumar, op. cît., www.ipcs.org. Martin Griffiths, ed., quoted op., pp. 398-399, 579-580. 23 Anil Kumar, quoted op., www.ipcs
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tions.bond.edu.au/cgi. R. Dellios, Chinese Strategic Culture, Part 1: The Heritage from the Past, Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April 1994, quoted by Pat Blannin, quoted op., pdf. 32 The concept of "Peaceful Rise" was subsequently translated, depending on China's level of "economic assertion", aș "Peaceful development" (aș a form of reassuring the internațional community and especially China's neighbours, regarding its peaceful intentions în the future). 33 Anna Eva Budura
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1: The Heritage from the Past, Center for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies Research Paper, no.1, April 1994, quoted by Pat Blannin, quoted op., pdf. 32 The concept of "Peaceful Rise" was subsequently translated, depending on China's level of "economic assertion", aș "Peaceful development" (aș a form of reassuring the internațional community and especially China's neighbours, regarding its peaceful intentions în the future). 33 Anna Eva Budura, Diplomația chineză. Chaogong, sistemul de relații ale Chinei cu lumea din afara
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Géographie politique & Géopolitique. Une grammaire de l'espace politique, Ellipses, Paris, 2003, pp. 291-292. 35 Anna Eva Budura, Diplomația chineză. Chaogong, sistemul de relații ale Chinei cu lumea din afara ei, op.cit., pp. 216-217. 36 According to the doctrine, the concept of "harmonious world", launched by president Hun Jintao, în 2005, intends to state China's engagement for global peace and stability and the wish to create a more just and fair internațional system. Also see Tatyana Flegontova, Peaceful Rise of Chină
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tributary system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial Chinese tributary system, accessed on July 20th 2014. 42 Anna Eva Budura, Diplomația chineză. Chaogong, sistemul de relații ale Chinei cu lumea din afara ei, pp. 216-218. 43 Idem, p. 218. 44 For example, the period of China's opening towards commerce with the Occident (1839-1901). See Jean Sellier, op. cît., pp. 147-152. 45 Anna Eva Budura, op. cît., p. 216. 46 Anna Eva Budura, Spiritualitatea chineză, în Diplomația chineză, quoted op., pp. 147-148. 47 Idem, p.
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2011-2013), col. Geopolitică, Top Form Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013, p. 172. 51 Values based on respect for the ancestors, respect for the scholars, cultivating reason and high virtues, cultivating systems organized on the basis of meritocracy, governing by the example of rulers' virtues, respecting the human being and his/her rights, peaceful and respectful contacts with other cultures and civilizations, harmonious society, peaceful coexistence with other civilizations etc. According to Romulus Ioan Budura, quoted op., p. 298. 52 În Sun Zi
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quoted în Nye, J.S. (2004), Soft Power: The Means to Success în World Politics. Public Affairs: NY. Imperial Chinese tributary system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial Chinese tributary system, accesat la data de 20 iulie 2014 Kumar, Anil (2012), "New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis", IPCS Special Report, 125/May, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, www.ipcs.org Lai, David (2004), "Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China
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Chinese tributary system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial Chinese tributary system, accesat la data de 20 iulie 2014 Kumar, Anil (2012), "New Security Concept of Chină. An Analysis", IPCS Special Report, 125/May, IPCS Series on Inside Chină, China Research Programme, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, www.ipcs.org Lai, David (2004), "Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi". Strategic Studies Institute, pg. 6, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/psffiles/PUB378/pdf Lampton, David
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