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a specific spatio-temporal dimension and thus mediates the passage toward a higher reality. By what means does the poet gain access to this world of reminiscences, inscribed into the depths of his foul? Both Poe and Barbu answer în the same way: intuition, that is, through instinct turned disinterested, yet conscious of itself. Through intuition, the writer places himself inside life, and comes to know the objects of his immediate perception în themselves, and not according to some anthropomorphized, convențional, vision
Gândul din gând: Edgar Poe și Ion Barbu by Remus Bejan () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84958_a_85743]
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not have properly an object, only an essence, it is like the divine Love that sheds over the whole of nature. With the Romanian poet, it is a sort of cosmic memory that actualizes all the levels Being at the same time, thus expressing the whole of creation, freeing the individual from the bonds of his attention to life, and making a Creator of him. This deliverance is achieved în some privileged spirits only. The role of art, aș Edgar Poe
Gândul din gând: Edgar Poe și Ion Barbu by Remus Bejan () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84958_a_85743]
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B. Marian: De vorbă cu Ion Barbu", în Versuri și proza, 1984, p. 138. 5 Ion Barbu, "Jean Moréas (Jean Pupadiamantopulos)", Conferința, 1947, în Versuri și proza, 1984, p. 205. 6 Plato. "Ion", în Complete Works, 1997, pp. 941-942: "The same goes for lyric poets if they're good: just aș the Corybantes are not în their right minds whne they dance, lyric poets, too, are not în their right minds when they make those beautiful lyrics, but aș soon aș
Gândul din gând: Edgar Poe și Ion Barbu by Remus Bejan () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84958_a_85743]
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p. 15: "No one point în its composition is referrible either to accident or intuition". 16 Edgar Allan Poe. "Joseph Rodman Drake Fitz-Greene Halleck", Essays and Reviews, 1984, pp. 510-512: "Very nearly akin to this feeling, and liable to the same analysis, is the Faculty of Ideality which is the sentiment of Poesy". [...] "We do not hesitate to say that a mân highly endowed with the powers of Causalitythat is to say, a mân of metaphysical acumenwill, even with a very
Gândul din gând: Edgar Poe și Ion Barbu by Remus Bejan () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84958_a_85743]
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be given, not a predisposition of skill for that which can be learned în accordance with some rule, consequently that originality must be its primary characteristic. 2) That since there can also be original nonsense, its products must at the same time be models, i.e., exemplary, hence, while not themselves the result of imitation, they must yet serve others în that way, i.e., aș a standard or a rule for judging. 3) That it cannot itself describe or indicate scientifically how
Gândul din gând: Edgar Poe și Ion Barbu by Remus Bejan () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84958_a_85743]
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a world of social justice we can identify at least two types of actions: social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility. How can these two activities work for obtaining social equity and how can their particular objectives be harmonized for the same goal? For a better understanding of the answer to this question I have analyzed two cases: the Heifer Foundation in Romania one, and the ECOPROD Hoghiz one. Keywords: social justice, social capital, social networks, social entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility, NGO
Justiție și coeziune socială () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84961_a_85746]
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After having been published (în 1968), the monograph B.P. Hașdeu. Lingvist și filolog, written by Cicerone Poghirc, was characterized, în general, în praiseworthy terms. Nevertheless, two reviews (published în 1969)1 written by Iorgu Iordan did not go în the same vein. He (aș he did în other situations aș well) tried to minimize Hasdeu's merits regarding linguistics. Irritated by the fact that blaming the limits of the respective book Iordan would criticize the excepțional value of Hasdeu's theories
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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word horse, for example, hâș various meanings to different speakers (e.g. for a child who saw one only at the circus, for a peasant, a rider, etc.). În fact, Vossler's supposition was false, since the word horse hâș the same meaning to all speakers (the meaning is objective); it is the people's experience regarding the animal "horse" that is different. 1.2. Even if easy to perceive în theory, the difference between words and things is not șo simple
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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The article în question contains four parts/sections. În the first part, Hașdeu admits, first of all, the distinction between pure linguistics and applied linguistics 3. Aș to what purelinguistics is concerned, Hașdeu states that it studies language în the same way that ""pure botany" studies vegetation", that is without any concern for the practical use of a word ("whether a word can have historical, juridical, economical or other values") [Hașdeu 1882a: 20]). În other words, this science "studies language for
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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expressed, implied, which is manifested especially în syntax. Aș soon aș after morphology or lexiology we set the separate doctrine of meaning, which directly results from the study of grammatical forms or of words, we should thus place, with the same rights, a separate doctrine for what Bréal șo properly called "latent ideas" [20]; which we will call noematology, în the absence of another term, derived from νόηµα "intențional thinking". It is only this very important doctrine of the hidden meaning
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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emphasize the role of noematology. I reproduce them integrally, for I do not want to alter, by paraphrasing or summarizing them, the mechanism of Hasdeu's thinking: Just aș a grammatical form is but a condensed syntactical form, în the same way the expressed meaning is but a condensation of the latent idea. Noematology is linked to semasiology just aș syntax is to morphology. The latent idea and the syntactic form are the two primitive psychic principles somehow fluid, whose contact
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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from the exterior, from the fluid sphere, both of them tend to be mixed, hence the vague element of implication is better demonstrated by the more suggestive element of the sentence" (ibid.: 29-30). 2.3.3. În accordance with the same criteria and principles, Hașdeu adds to the six sciences mentioned above onomatology, which, în his opinion, should deal with proper nouns 7. În any case, at the end of his article, the Romanian scholar is în the position to make
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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that does not mean that a science, which uses it, would be a natural science eo ipso. All sciences tend, more or less, to appropriate this method to themselves, even if not all sciences manage to do it to the same extent. It is the object, by all means a well determined object, not the method that constitutes the nature of a science [my emphasis]"3. And still, the conception mentioned by Hașdeu was far from having "only an anecdotal importance
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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El antipositivismo (în Coseriu 1981: 52-73), Linguistic change does not exist (Coseriu 1983/1988), and many others, may have doubts on the truth of the ideas supported by the great Romanian scholar. And still... Not all people think în the same manner, and understanding is sometimes corrupted by the different ways în which we assimilated or perceived some important concepts, such aș 'knowledge', for instance. Characterizing language aș a cultural object, E. Coseriu would state that "the formal căușe, if realized
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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mentioned discussion, I will resort, apart from Aristotle, to a series of scholars that Coseriu highly appreciated, such aș Ernst Cassirer, R.G. Collingwood and John Dewey. All of them even if they come from different geographical areas belong to the same large family of thinkers. I would like to state that, whenever possible, I preferred to present, by means of significant quotations, the ideas of these philosophers, reproduced word for word. Such a procedure may at times create the impression of
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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can clarify how its various "funcțional spheres" mesh with each other" (ibid.: 23-24). 3.2.2. Even John Dewey 7, highly attentive to the differrence between nature and culture 8, while defining the concept of 'inquiry', tries to preserve the same unity of the whole biological world: "Inquiry is the controlled or directed transformation of an indeterminate situation into one that is șo determinate în its constituent distinctions and relations aș to convert the elements of the original situation into a
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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of feminity; on the contrary, men were made of bronze, since it is an opaque substance, which emphasizes muscles and contours, etc. Similarly, musical pieces were composed especially for a certain instrument (cf. Coșeriu 1994b: 23)14. 4.2. The same remarks hold good în the case of language, where the form of consciousness (namely, the meaning aș signifié) is conclusive: "hay que advertir que el lenguaje es, en efecto, expresión con significado, pero que en el lenguaje el significado, y
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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not irrelevant here, too. Even if în language, în principle, the instrument can be anything (according to Hjelmslev), Coseriu proved (starting with 1954, în Formă y sustancia en los sonidos del lenguaje) that sounds are not chosen at random. The same is true for discourses, even if we are situated at a more complex level. For example, we could consider styles aș substances (or expressions) previously formed which speakers have at their disposal, not at all by chance, according to their
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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România literară", no. 2, 1969, p. 1 & 12 (Despre reconsiderarea trecutului cultural); also în "Limba română", no. 3, 1969, pp. 285-291. 2 For a more detailed presentation of Coseriu's skeology (which correspond, to a certain extent according to the same scholar to ethnolinguistics aș well [see Coșeriu 1981/1994]), aș related to problems regarding phraseology and (socio)terminology, see Munteanu 2013: 110-112 & 116-118. 3 These terms according to Hașdeu seem to have been introduced by a certain Bernhardi, at the
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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under two aspects: the fluid one, aș "common word", the object of lexiology, and the condensed one, aș "proper noun", the object of onomatology" (Hașdeu 1882a: 30). It is worth mentioning the fact that Hașdeu asserts the existence of the same relationship fluid-condensed at the sound level aș well: "The first member of the triad, the sound, is actually deduplicated aș well, namely în non-articulated, fluid or confused sound and also în articulated, condensed, clear sound; the former, condensing itself aș
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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his opinion on these problems and he answered: "It is useless, we will get to translate more and more, but never a complete text, for no text contains all its contexts" (Coșeriu 2004b: 102-103; my translation). And, of course, the same thing could have been said about the famous Turing test. 12 În the original version: "[limbajul] ne eliberează cu totul de contextul concret, material și de contactul cu lucrurile. Lucrurile noastre, în limbaj, sunt întotdeauna universale, lucruri care pot fi
Studii de ştiinţa limbii by Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/896_a_2404]
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anthropology" - was given by Roger Chartier, în a short interview first published în 2005 în the Romanian Cultural Institute's journal Cultură then republished în the Caietele de Antropologie Istorică (Notes on Historical Anthropology) by the seminar group of the same name at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Babeș-Bolyai. Chartier discusses many topics and argues strongly for the concepts of "mentalities", "historical anthropology" and "cultural history": "The history of mentalities was practised by the founders of
Studenți români la Universitatea Liberă din Bruxelles (a doua jumătate a veacului al XIX-lea - prima parte a secolului al XX-lea) by Laurențiu Vlad () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84993_a_85778]
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lăsăm să se înece ... anii trecuți” căci ,, este a inimii durere”. În același timp, colectivul de redacție al acestei monografii este conștient de marea responsabilitate pe care și-a asumat-o, întocmai cum tot cronicarul a afirmat: ,, eu voi da samă de ale mele toate câte scriu”. Monografia noastră este un dar pentru toți oamenii școlii - profesori, elevi, părințifoști, prezenți și viitori, este un act de cultură în folosul comunității, este un studiu făcut cu responsabilitate și rigoare științifică și, nu
Paul Nechifor, Carmen Dimitriu, Angela Căşăriu, Adela Jitaru by Monografia Colegiului Național ,,Mihail Sadoveanu" Pașcani () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/91876_a_93484]
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resistance developed by the Calvinist authors in the context of the religious persecution during the Reformation. Locke's theory on social contract fit into this puritan tradition and parliamentary resistance against absolutism. Concurrently, it also opposed Hobbes who, at the same time as Filmer, used the theory of the social contract to justify absolutism and reject the idea of resistance. In his early writings Locke was under the great influence of Hobbes, but he advanced to a more liberal position, in
Dreptatea ca libertate: Locke și problema dreptului natural by Gabriela Rățulea () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84950_a_85735]
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2, pp. 167-169. 95 Hobbes, De cive, IV, § 21, p. 83. 96 Hobbes, Leviathan, XXIX, p. 214. Vezi și comentariile lui Strauss, Natural Right and History, p. 222. 97 Ibidem (For a man's conscience, and his judgment is the same thing; and as the judgment, so also the conscience may be erroneous). Cf. Hobbes, Elements of Law, I, VI, § 8 (But men, when they say things upon their conscience, are not therefore presumed certainly to know the truth of what
Dreptatea ca libertate: Locke și problema dreptului natural by Gabriela Rățulea () [Corola-publishinghouse/Science/84950_a_85735]